Hepatitis C virus infection increases hepatitis risk during anti-tuberculosis treatment

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection on clinically signifi cant transaminase elevation during shortcourse anti-tuberculosis treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective observation study. RESULTS: During standard anti-tuberculosis treatment of 295 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and normal baseline liver biochemical tests, 25 (8.5%) developed hepatitis and had a signifi cantly higher mortality rate (32% vs. 7%, OR 6.22, 95%CI 2.0-17.6, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that HCV co-i nfected individuals were more likely to develop transaminase elevations (OR 3.43, 95%CI 1.14-10.35, P = 0.03) than those without HCV co-infection. They also had a longer duration of transaminase elevation than controls (43.3 ± 40.4 vs. 13.5 ± 8.6 days, P = 0.01). Co-infection with HBV was not associated with a higher rate of hepatitis but was associated with later onset (102 ± 68.7 vs. 37.0 ± 31.9 days, P = 0.01), higher peak alanine aminotransferase level and slower recovery (55.5 ± 62.9 vs. 15.4 ± 10.8 days, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Even with normal baseline liver biochemical tests, HCV co-infection had a higher incidence and longer exacerbations of hepatitis during antituberculosis treatment. We suggest that screening for HCV infection before starting anti-tuberculosis treatment is helpful in planning the frequency of follow-up visits. ? 2010 The Union.