Genetics and immunopathogenesis of IgA nephropathy
Journal
Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology
Journal Volume
41
Journal Issue
2
Pages
198-213
Date Issued
2011
Author(s)
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis in the world. The hallmark of IgAN is underglycosylation in the hinge region of IgA1. Increasing evidence supports the underglycosylated IgA-containing immune-complex including IgG antibodies against the glycans of the hinge region of IgA1 are key factors for mesangial deposition and then trigger inflammation and glomerular injury. The polymeric IgA is produced after aberrant mucosal IgA response. The displacement of mucosal B cells to systemic lymphoid organs and bone marrow may arise from abnormal trafficking of lymphocytes along the mucosa-bone marrow axis involving changes of chemokines and adhesion molecules. This review will summarize the works on the genetics, the mucosal and systemic IgA immune response, mechanism of underglycosylation of IgA1, and the pathological effect of mesangial IgA deposition in IgAN. ? 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Other Subjects
angiotensin; APOBEC2 protein; beta catenin; chemokine; chemokine receptor CCR5; Clara cell protein; cytidine deaminase; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase; endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1; histone deacetylase 5; HLA antigen; immunoglobulin A1; interferon; interleukin 1; interleukin 2; interleukin 6; L selectin; Megsin protein; mucin; myeloid differentiation factor 88; PADGEM protein; renin; serine proteinase inhibitor; transient receptor potential channel 3; tumor necrosis factor alpha; unclassified drug; uteroglobin; Wnt protein; 3' untranslated region; adaptive immunity; antigen presentation; article; B lymphocyte; CD4+ T lymphocyte; cell homing; cellular immunity; chromosome 10; chromosome 17q; chromosome 4q; chromosome 6; chromosome 6q; disease severity; familial disease; gene deletion; genetic association; genetic linkage; genetic polymorphism; genetic susceptibility; genetic variability; genetics; glycosylation; human; immunoglobulin A nephropathy; immunoglobulin production; immunological memory; immunopathogenesis; innate immunity; leukocyte migration; lymphocyte homing; microarray analysis; mucosal immunity; protein induction; renin angiotensin aldosterone system; single nucleotide polymorphism; Th1 cell; Th2 cell; upregulation; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Cell Movement; Chemokines; Galactosyltransferases; Gene-Environment Interaction; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glomerulonephritis; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Glycosylation; HLA Antigens; Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunoglobulin A; Mesangial Cells; Mucins
Type
journal article