Lower vitamin D levels in the breast milk is associated with atopic dermatitis in early infancy
Journal
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
Journal Volume
31
Journal Issue
3
Pages
258-264
Date Issued
2020
Author(s)
Abstract
Background: Our previous study showed that the discontinuation of breastfeeding could improve atopic dermatitis (AD) symptoms in exclusively breastfed infants. As vitamins A and D are influential on the immune system, we aimed to analyze the association of vitamin A and D levels in breast milk (BM) with AD. Methods: We enrolled two- to four-month-old exclusively breastfed infants. The objective SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (objSCORAD) was evaluated. The lipid layer of BM was extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography for vitamin A and D levels. Medical charts were reviewed for the clinical course of AD. Results: Forty-five AD patients and 45 healthy controls were enrolled. The objSCORAD was 20.54?±?1.73 (shown as mean?±?SEM) in the AD group. The sex, parental atopy history, nutrient intake of mothers, and vitamin A levels in BM were not significantly different between the two groups. The 25-(OH) D3 level in BM was significantly lower in the AD group than in the control group (1.72?±?0.30 and 3.95?±?0.64?ng/mL, respectively; P?=.001). The 25-(OH) D3 level negatively correlated with objSCORAD (P?=.003). The only factor that is significantly associated with persistent AD is the objSCORAD in infancy (P?=.003) after adjusting for age, sex, parental atopy history, and 25-(OH) D3 level by multiple regression. Conclusion: Vitamin D levels in BM for exclusively breastfed infants were negatively associated with objSCORAD. Lower vitamin D levels in BM might be a risk factor for infantile AD. ? 2019 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
SDGs
Other Subjects
25 hydroxyvitamin D; retinol; vitamin D; retinol; vitamin D; age; Article; atopic dermatitis; atopy; breast feeding; breast milk; clinical article; controlled study; correlation analysis; dietary intake; disease course; evaluation study; female; human; infancy; infant; liquid chromatography; male; multiple regression; nutrient intake; priority journal; Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis; sex; atopic dermatitis; breast milk; chemistry; diet; dietary supplement; immunology; mother; procedures; prospective study; risk factor; severity of illness index; vitamin D deficiency; Breast Feeding; Dermatitis, Atopic; Diet; Diet Surveys; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Milk, Human; Mothers; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Type
journal article