The Impact of Universal Infant Hepatitis B Immunization on Reducing the Hepatitis B Carrier Rate in Pregnant Women
Journal
Journal of Infectious Diseases
Journal Volume
220
Journal Issue
7
Pages
1118-1126
Date Issued
2019
Author(s)
Abstract
Background: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) status of pregnant women affects HBV vaccine failure in their offspring. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of the universal infant HBV vaccination program on the long-term hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rate in pregnant women. Methods: Using the National Immunization Information System, we examined a 32-year period of cross-sectional data on a maternal HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) screening program launched in July 1984. An age-period-cohort model analysis of 940 180 pregnant women screened for July 1996-June 1997 and the years 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 was applied. Results: The annual HBsAg- A nd HBeAg-seropositive rates decreased from 13.4% and 6.4%, respectively, for the period 1984-1985 to 5.9% and 1.0% in 2016 (P for both trends <. 0001). Pregnant women with birth years after July 1986 (the HBV vaccination cohort) had the lowest relative risk (0.27 [95% confidence interval,. 26-.28]) of HBsAg positivity compared with birth years before June 1984. Conclusions: The birth cohort effect in relation to the universal infant HBV immunization program has effectively reduced the HBV carrier rate in pregnant women and the burden of perinatal HBV infection on the next generation. ? 2018 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
Subjects
age-period-cohort analysis; HBsAg carrier; HBV vaccination; mother-to-infant transmission; screening pregnant women
SDGs
Other Subjects
hepatitis B surface antigen; hepatitis B vaccine; hepatitis B(e) antigen; hepatitis B surface antigen; hepatitis B vaccine; hepatitis B(e) antigen; adolescent; adult; age distribution; Article; cohort analysis; controlled study; cross-sectional study; female; hepatitis B; human; immunization; infant; infection rate; infection risk; major clinical study; pregnancy; preventive health service; priority journal; risk reduction; virus carrier; hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; heterozygote; immunology; isolation and purification; microbiology; middle aged; newborn; pregnancy; pregnancy complication; prevention and control; procedures; treatment outcome; vaccination; vertical transmission; virology; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Carrier State; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B e Antigens; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Treatment Outcome; Vaccination; Young Adult
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Type
journal article