Electrolysed-reduced water dialysate improves T-cell damage in end-stage renal disease patients with chronic haemodialysis
Journal
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
Journal Volume
25
Journal Issue
8
Pages
2730-2737
Date Issued
2010
Author(s)
Abstract
Background. T-cell damage by increased oxidative stress in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis (HD) led to the increased T-cell apoptosis and the alteration of surface markers and Th1/Th2 ratio in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Antioxidant electrolysed-reduced water (ERW) was used as the dialysate in ESRD patients undergoing chronic HD to test for improved oxidative stress-related T-cell apoptosis, alterations of surface markers and intracellular cytokine profile.Methods. We evaluated apoptosis formation by annexin V, CD25-related surface markers, and cytokine ratio of Th1/Th2 in CD4+ T lymphocytes and Tc1/Tc2 in CD8+ T lymphocytes of 42 ESRD patients haemodialysed with ERW for 1 year.Results. In comparison to 12 healthy individuals, the ESRD patients had more T-cell apoptosis and less CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD25/CD69/CD94/CD3+ phenotypes at baseline. Lower intracellular IL-2 and IFN-?? levels in the Th1/CD4+ and Tc1/CD8+ cells and higher intracellular IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the Th2/CD4 + and Tc2/CD8+ cells were also noted in the ESRD patients. After a 1-year ERW treatment, the patients had a decrease in T-cell apoptosis and increases in CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cell numbers and CD25/CD69/CD94/CD3+ phenotypes in the T cells. The intracellular IL-2 and IFN-?? levels in the Th1/Tc1 cells significantly (P < 0.05) increased and the intracellular IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the Th2/Tc2 cells decreased. Furthermore, the Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 cytokine ratios were improved toward a normal status.Conclusion. One-year ERW treatment effectively ameliorated T-cell apoptosis, altered CD25-related surface markers and intracellular cytokine profile in the HD patients. ?? The Author [2009]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved.
Subjects
apoptosis; electrolysed reduced water; end-stage renal disease; oxidative stress; T-lymphocyte
Other Subjects
alpha tocopherol; antiinflammatory agent; ascorbic acid; biological marker; CD3 antigen; CD69 antigen; CD94 antigen; cytokine; dialysis fluid; electrolysed reduced water; gamma interferon; insulin; interleukin 10; interleukin 2; interleukin 2 receptor alpha; interleukin 4; interleukin 6; iron; lipocortin 5; oral antidiabetic agent; recombinant erythropoietin; unclassified drug; C reactive protein; dialysis fluid; hydrogen peroxide; interleukin 2 receptor alpha; interleukin 6; superoxidized water; adult; aged; anemia; apoptosis; article; CD25+ T lymphocyte; CD3+ T lymphocyte; CD4+ T lymphocyte; CD8+ T lymphocyte; cell damage; cell surface; cellular distribution; chronic glomerulonephritis; clinical article; clinical trial; controlled study; cytokine production; electrodialysis; female; hemodialysis; human; human cell; kidney failure; lymphocyte count; male; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; oxidative stress; phenotype; priority journal; T lymphocyte; Th1 cell; Th2 cell; vitamin supplementation; apoptosis; blood; case control study; drug effects; evaluation study; immunology; Kidney Failure, Chronic; longitudinal study; metabolism; middle aged; pathology; renal replacement therapy; treatment outcome; very elderly; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Apoptosis; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Dialysis Solutions; Female; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; Interleukin-6; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Renal Dialysis; Th1 Cells; Th2 Cells; Treatment Outcome
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Type
journal article