https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/567711
Title: | Lymphopenia, Lymphopenia-Induced Proliferation, and Autoimmunity | Authors: | Sheu T.-T. BOR-LUEN CHIANG |
Keywords: | Autoimmunity; Immune aging; Lymphopenia?induced proliferation; Tolerance; Treg cells | Issue Date: | 2021 | Publisher: | MDPI AG | Journal Volume: | 22 | Journal Issue: | 8 | Start page/Pages: | 4152 | Source: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences | Abstract: | Immune homeostasis is a tightly regulated system that is critical for defense against invasion by foreign pathogens and protection from self?reactivity for the survival of an individual. How the defects in this system might result in autoimmunity is discussed in this review. Reduced lymphocyte number, termed lymphopenia, can mediate lymphopenia?induced proliferation (LIP) to maintain peripheral lymphocyte numbers. LIP not only occurs in normal physiological conditions but also correlates with autoimmunity. Of note, lymphopenia is also a typical marker of immune aging, consistent with the fact that not only the autoimmunity increases in the elderly, but also autoimmune diseases (ADs) show characteristics of immune aging. Here, we discuss the types and rates of LIP in normal and autoimmune conditions, as well as the coronavirus disease 2019 in the context of LIP. Importantly, although the causative role of LIP has been demonstrated in the development of type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, a two?hit model has suggested that the factors other than lymphopenia are required to mediate the loss of control over homeostasis to result in ADs. Interestingly, these factors may be, if not totally, related to the function/number of regulatory T cells which are key modulators to protect from self?reactivity. In this review, we summarize the important roles of lymphopenia/LIP and the Treg cells in various autoimmune conditions, thereby highlighting them as key therapeutic targets for autoimmunity treatments. ? 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. |
URI: | https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104354563&doi=10.3390%2fijms22084152&partnerID=40&md5=a217969cc48b78efc02912d74e4e2968 https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/567711 |
ISSN: | 1661-6596 | DOI: | 10.3390/ijms22084152 | SDG/Keyword: | autoimmune disease; autoimmunity; cell proliferation; coronavirus disease 2019; homeostasis; human; insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; lymphocyte count; lymphocytopenia; lymphoproliferative disease; memory T lymphocyte; nonhuman; peripheral lymphocyte; regulatory T lymphocyte; Review; rheumatoid arthritis; T lymphocyte; thymocyte; virus infection; animal; autoimmune disease; autoimmunity; cell proliferation; complication; immunology; lymphocytopenia; physiology; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoimmunity; Cell Proliferation; COVID-19; Homeostasis; Humans; Lymphopenia; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory |
Appears in Collections: | 醫學系 |
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