Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder is associated with allergic symptoms and low levels of hemoglobin and serotonin
Journal
Scientific Reports
Journal Volume
8
Journal Issue
1
Pages
10229
Date Issued
2018
Author(s)
Abstract
This study investigated whether common comorbidities or biochemical factors, such as allergic disease, anemia, inflammation, and neurotransmitters, are singly or additively associated with an increased risk of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We recruited 216 children diagnosed with ADHD and 216 age-, sex-, height-, weight-, and class-matched controls from 31 elementary schools in Taipei, Taiwan. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire was used to measure allergic symptoms. Fasting venous blood was collected and analyzed for complete blood count, white blood cell differential count, immunoglobulin (Ig) E level, and serotonin (5-HT) level. The results showed that symptoms of both rhinitis (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.42-3.05) and eczema (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.02-2.88) were significantly associated with increased risk of ADHD. Children with ADHD showed considerably lower levels of hemoglobin (p = 0.001) and 5-HT (p < 0.001) and higher IgE level (p < 0.001) and eosinophil count (p = 0.001) than did control children. ADHD risk increased with the number of aforementioned biochemical risk factors present (one factor: OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 0.87-4.18; two factors: OR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.29-6.48; three factors: OR = 4.47, 95% CI = 1.97-10.13; four factors: OR = 6.53, 95% CI = 2.43-17.57). Findings suggest that either ADHD's etiology is multidimensional or the aforementioned conditions have shared etiology with ADHD. ? 2018 The Author(s).
SDGs
Other Subjects
hemoglobin; serotonin; allergic rhinitis; asthma; attention deficit disorder; case control study; child; female; human; male; metabolism; pathophysiology; questionnaire; school; Taiwan; Asthma; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Case-Control Studies; Child; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Rhinitis, Allergic; Schools; Serotonin; Surveys and Questionnaires; Taiwan
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Type
journal article