In vitro effects of velvet antler water extracts from formosan sambar deer and red deer on barrier integrity in caco-2 cell
Journal
International Journal of Medical Sciences
Journal Volume
18
Journal Issue
8
Pages
1778-1785
Date Issued
2021
Author(s)
Abstract
Background: The mucus integrity and abnormal inflammatory response are the crucial biomarker of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Velvet antler (VA) has been used as traditional Chinese medicines for many years. Anti-inflammatory property was demonstrated via suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 and cytokines protein expression. And it has further proved to promote wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats model. The aforementioned functionalities of VA extracts may be associated with the treatment of IBD. Thus, the aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of velvet antler water extracts form Formosan Sambar deer (Rusa unicolor swinhoei, SVAE) and red deer (Cervus elaphus, RVAE) on the barrier function and to investigate the possible mechanism using in vitro model. Methods: Human colonic epithelial cell models (Caco-2) were co-cultured with various concentrations of both SVAE and RVAE (250-500 ?g mL-1) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value and the macromolecule permeability of Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran were measured to evaluate the integrity of monolayer of Caco-2. Western blotting was performed for analysis of protein expressions of occludin, Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, claudin-2 and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). The cytotoxicity was conducted by MTT assay. Results: Results indicated that both SVAE and RVAE could enhance integrity of monolayer in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colonic epithelial cell model (Caco-2) through reducing the decline of trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and macromolecule permeability at the concentration of 250 μg mL?1. RVAE significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1) while SVAE significantly reduced the activity of MLCK (P < 0.05.). Elevated C-C chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) production suggested that both SVAE and RVAE could enhance the repair of epithelial cell. Besides, MTT assay revealed that both extracts showed no cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Thus, SVAE and RVAE supplementation may attenuate barrier damage by enhancing the occludin and ZO-1 protein expression, decreasing MLCK expression, promoting the CCL20 production. In the future, animal study is needed for further confirmation. ? The author(s).
Subjects
Chinese drug; claudin 1; claudin 2; gastrointestinal agent; macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha; myosin light chain kinase; protein ZO1; unclassified drug; velvet antler extract; antler; Article; Caco-2 cell line; coculture; controlled study; cytokine production; deer; dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis; human; human cell; in vitro study; protein expression; red deer; Rusa unicolor swinhoei; transepithelial resistance; Western blotting
Other Subjects
Chinese drug; claudin 1; claudin 2; gastrointestinal agent; macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha; myosin light chain kinase; protein ZO1; unclassified drug; velvet antler extract; biological product; dextran sulfate; tight junction protein; water; antler; Article; Caco-2 cell line; coculture; controlled study; cytokine production; deer; dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis; human; human cell; in vitro study; protein expression; red deer; Rusa unicolor swinhoei; transepithelial resistance; Western blotting; animal; chemistry; deer; drug effect; inflammatory bowel disease; intestine mucosa; isolation and purification; metabolism; pathology; tight junction; toxicity testing; Animals; Antlers; Biological Products; Caco-2 Cells; Deer; Dextran Sulfate; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Tight Junction Proteins; Tight Junctions; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Water
Type
journal article