Enhanced early immune response of leptospiral outer membrane protein LipL32 stimulated by narrow band mid-infrared exposure
Journal
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology
Journal Volume
198
Pages
111560
Date Issued
2019
Author(s)
Hong, C.-H.
Tang, M.-R.
Hsu, S.-H.
Yang, C.-H.
Ko, Y.-C.
Guo, C.-S.
Yang, C.-W.
Abstract
Previous studies revealed significant impact on cancer cell by mid-infrared (MIR) radiation. However, the effects of narrow band MIR on immune reaction and infectious disease are still unknown. In this study, an enhanced innate immune response was observed through the interaction between Leptospiral outer membrane protein (LipL32) and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Thereafter, human kidney proximal tubular cells (HK-2 cells) initiated a serial reaction of enhanced MCP-1 production. The 6 μm narrow bandwidth light source emitted by waveguide thermal emitter (WTE) was applied to induce carbonyl group (C[dbnd]O bond) stretching vibration during the stage of antigen-receptor complex formation. The amount of MCP-1 gene expression had 2.5 folds increase after narrow band MIR illumination comparing to non-MIR illumination at low dose LipL32 condition. Besides, both ELISA and confocal microscopy results also revealed that the chemokine concentration increased significantly after narrow band MIR illumination either at low or high concentration of LipL32. Furthermore, a specific phenomenon that narrow band MIR can amplify the signal of weak immune response by enhancing sensitivity of the interaction between antigen and receptor was observed. This study exhibits clear evidence that the narrow band MIR exposure can modulate the early immune response of infectious disease and play a potential role to develop host-directed therapy in the future. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Subjects
Early immune response; Host-directed therapy (HDT); LipL32; MCP-1; Narrow band mid-infrared; Photoimmunotherapy
Other Subjects
monocyte chemotactic protein 1; outer membrane protein LipL32; toll like receptor 2; LipL32 protein, Leptospira; lipoprotein; monocyte chemotactic protein 1; outer membrane protein; Article; confocal laser scanning microscopy; confocal microscopy; controlled study; cytokine production; cytokine release; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; gene expression; HK-2 [Human kidney] cell line; human; human cell; hydrogen bond; immune response; infrared radiation; Leptospira; narrow band mid infrared; nonhuman; priority journal; quantitative analysis; cell line; cell survival; cytology; drug effect; gene expression regulation; genetics; immunology; kidney proximal tubule; Leptospira; metabolism; radiation response; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Chemokine CCL2; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Infrared Rays; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Leptospira; Lipoproteins
Publisher
Elsevier B.V.
Type
journal article