Effect of Solvent, Role of Formic Acid and Rh/C Catalyst for the Efficient Liquefaction of Lignin
Journal
ChemCatChem
Journal Volume
11
Journal Issue
18
Pages
4604-4616
Date Issued
2019
Author(s)
Abstract
We demonstrate highly efficient liquefaction of alkali lignin with a very high yield of THF-soluble bio-oil (91.5 wt %) using formic acid (FA) and Rh/C catalyst under relatively mild reaction conditions (250 °C, 6 h) in EtOH?H2O co-solvent system. The monomeric products are identified in which alkyl guaiacols accounts for the main proportion. The role of FA was not only used as a liquid-phase in-situ hydrogen source but also acts as organic acid which can catalyze the hydrolysis reaction of ?C?O?C ether bonds of lignin. Moreover, in the present study, the role of Rh/C and FA is demonstrated for the liquefaction of lignin. The replacement of pure H2 gas by the liquid-phase FA (hydrogen source) can effectively prevent the char formation. The utilization of Rh/C catalyst helps for the conversion of alkenyl guaiacols to alkyl guaiacols suggesting the hydrogenation of phenolic monomers and further cleavage by hydrogenation results in the formation of bio-oil with lower molecular weight (Mn=466 g mol?1) as well as lower O/C ratio (0.26). ? 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Subjects
Catalysts; Formic acid; Hydrogen; Hydrogen bonds; Hydrogenation; Liquefaction; Organic solvents; Alkali lignin; Bio oil; Effect of solvents; Hydrogen sources; Hydrolysis reaction; Mild reaction conditions; Monomeric products; Phenolic monomers; Lignin; Catalysts; Formic Acid; Hydrogen Bonds; Hydrogenation; Liquefaction
SDGs
Type
journal article