Nocturnal lagophthalmos
Journal
International Journal of Gerontology
Journal Volume
3
Journal Issue
2
Pages
89-95
Date Issued
2009
Author(s)
Abstract
Nocturnal lagophthalmos is the inability to close the eyelids during sleep. It may be physiological but can cause significant symptoms in some patients. The spectrum of the disease ranges from minimal corneal epithelial changes, which may heal later in the daytime, to corneal ulcers after severe exposure. There are a variety of predisposing factors for lagophthalmos, which can be grouped as proptosis/eye exposure etiologies, palpebral insufficiency etiologies, and idiopathic etiology. The diagnosis is easily missed in subjects having nocturnal lagophthalmos with normal voluntary lid closure (idiopathic). A diagnosis of such cases can usually be made from a detailed history and careful slit lamp examination. A focused clinical evaluation for lagophthalmos in patients complaining of redness, dryness or eye irritation, especially after sleep, will identify most cases. The optimal treatment usually depends on the cause of lagophthalmos. It may include topical agents, lid taping at night or ocular surgery to correct lid malpositioning. This article reviews the incidence, clinical presentations, etiology, diagnosis, examination, and treatments of nocturnal lagophthalmos. ? 2009 Elsevier.
Subjects
Elderly; Eye diseases; Eyelids; Lagophthalmos; Sleep
SDGs
Other Subjects
alcohol; artificial tear; botulinum toxin; cod liver oil; cytokine; dye; fluorescein; hypnotic agent; nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent; omega 3 fatty acid; omega 6 fatty acid; rose bengal; tetracycline; topical agent; tumor necrosis factor; aging; alcohol consumption; amnion; antiinflammatory activity; behavior modification; Bell palsy; blepharitis; blepharospasm; blurred vision; chemical burn; chemosis; clinical evaluation; cornea; cornea epithelium; cornea ulcer; craniofacial synostosis; decompression surgery; diet therapy; disease predisposition; drunkenness; dry eye; ectropion; environmental change; exophthalmos; exposure; eye injury; eye irritation; eye pain; eye position; eye protective device; eye surgery; eyelash; eyelid reconstruction; eyelid reflex; eyelid retraction; facial nerve paralysis; fat intake; human; humidifier; idiopathic disease; incidence; keratitis; keratoconjunctivitis sicca; keratopathy; lagophthalmos; leafy vegetable; linseed; lower eyelid; meibomian gland; nocturnal lagophthalmos; pemphigoid; priority journal; retrobulbar hemorrhage; review; salmon; slit lamp; Stevens Johnson syndrome; surgical approach; surgical drainage; surgical tape; symblepharon; topical treatment; tuna; upper eyelid; walnut
Publisher
Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd
Type
review