Hepatitis B virus coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: A review
Journal
World Journal of Gastroenterology
Journal Volume
20
Journal Issue
40
Pages
14598-14614
Date Issued
2014
Author(s)
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Due to the shared modes of transmission, coinfection with HBV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not uncommon. It is estimated that 10% of HIV-infected patients worldwide are coinfected with HBV. In areas where an HBV vaccination program is implemented, the HBV seroprevalence has declined significantly. In HIV/HBV-coinfected patients, HBV coinfection accelerates immunologic and clinical progression of HIV infection and increases the risk of hepatotoxicity when combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is initiated, while HIV infection increases the risk of hepatitis events, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease related to chronic HBV infection. With the advances in antiviral therapy, concurrent, successful longterm suppression of HIV and HBV replication can be achieved in the cART era. To reduce the disease burden of HBV infection among HIV-infected patients, adoption of safe sex practices, avoidance of sharing needles and diluent, HBV vaccination and use of cART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine or lamivudine are the most effective approaches. However, due to HIV-related immunosuppression, using increased doses of HBV vaccine and novel approaches to HBV vaccination are needed to improve the immunogenicity of HBV vaccine among HIV-infected patients. ? 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
SDGs
Other Subjects
adefovir dipivoxil; antiretrovirus agent; emtricitabine; entecavir; hepatitis B vaccine; interferon; lamivudine; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; telbivudine; tenofovir disoproxil; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; hepatitis B vaccine; antiviral resistance; antiviral therapy; drug dose regimen; drug safety; end stage liver disease; ethnic difference; geographic distribution; hepatitis B; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection prevention; meta analysis (topic); mixed infection; mortality; multicenter study (topic); randomized controlled trial (topic); Review; seroprevalence; sexual transmission; vaccination; virus transmission; disease course; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; HIV Infections; host pathogen interaction; Human immunodeficiency virus; immunology; mixed infection; pathogenicity; remission; risk assessment; risk factor; transmission; treatment outcome; Anti-HIV Agents; Coinfection; Disease Progression; Drug Resistance, Viral; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; HIV; HIV Infections; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Remission Induction; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
Publisher
WJG Press
Type
review