Adult mortality of diseases and injuries attributable to selected metabolic, lifestyle, environmental, and infectious risk factors in Taiwan: A comparative risk assessment
Journal
Population Health Metrics
Journal Volume
15
Journal Issue
1
Pages
17
Date Issued
2017
Author(s)
Abstract
Background: To facilitate priority-setting in health policymaking, we compiled the best available information to estimate the adult mortality (>30 years) burden attributable to 13 metabolic, lifestyle, infectious, and environmental risk factors in Taiwan. Methods: We obtained data on risk factor exposure from nationally representative health surveys, cause-specific mortality from the National Death Registry, and relative risks from epidemiological studies and meta-analyses. We applied the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate mortality burden attributable to individual risk factors or risk factor clusters. Results: In 2009, high blood glucose accounted for 14,900 deaths (95% UI: 11,850-17,960), or 10.4% of all deaths in that year. It was followed by tobacco smoking (13,340 deaths, 95% UI: 10,330-16,450), high blood pressure (11,190 deaths, 95% UI: 8,190-14,190), ambient particulate matter pollution (8,600 deaths, 95% UI: 7,370-9,840), and dietary risks (high sodium intake and low intake of fruits and vegetables, 7,890 deaths, 95% UI: 5,970-9,810). Overweight-obesity and physical inactivity accounted for 7,620 deaths (95% UI: 6,040-9,190), and 7,400 deaths (95% UI: 6,670-8,130), respectively. The cardiometabolic risk factors of high blood pressure, high blood glucose, high cholesterol, and overweight-obesity jointly accounted for 12,120 deaths (95% UI: 11,220-13,020) from cardiovascular diseases. For domestic risk factors, infections from hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were responsible for 6,300 deaths (95% UI: 5,610-6,980) and 3,170 deaths (95% UI: 1,860-4,490), respectively, and betel nut use was associated with 1,780 deaths from oral, laryngeal, and esophageal cancer (95% UI: 1,190-2,360). The leading risk factors for years of life lost were similar, but the impact of tobacco smoking and alcohol use became larger because the attributable deaths from these risk factors occurred among young adults aged less than 60 years. Conclusions: High blood glucose, tobacco smoking, and high blood pressure are the major risk factors for deaths from diseases and injuries among Taiwanese adults. A large number of years of life would be gained if the 13 modifiable risk factors could be removed or reduced to the optimal level. ? 2017 The Author(s).
SDGs
Other Subjects
cholesterol; glucose; adult; alcohol; blood; cancer; disease incidence; environmental risk; health impact; health survey; hepatitis; infectious disease; lifestyle; metabolism; mortality; particulate matter; risk assessment; risk factor; smoking; tobacco; virus; adult; adult disease; age; aged; alcohol consumption; Article; attributable risk; body mass; cerebrovascular accident; cholesterol blood level; chronic liver disease; comparative study; controlled study; environmental factor; esophagus cancer; female; glucose blood level; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; human; injury; ischemic heart disease; larynx cancer; lifestyle; liver cancer; lung cancer; major clinical study; male; metabolism; mortality; mouth cancer; obesity; particulate matter; risk assessment; risk factor; smoking; Taiwan; cause of death; diet; epidemiology; health survey; hyperglycemia; hypertension; injury; lifestyle; middle aged; register; risk; statistical model; statistics and numerical data; Taiwan; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; Nicotiana tabacum; Piper betel; Adult; Cause of Death; Diet; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypertension; Life Style; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Statistical; Mortality; Registries; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Smoking; Taiwan; Wounds and Injuries
Publisher
BioMed Central Ltd.
Type
journal article