A Tri-Channel Oxide Transistor Concept for the Rapid Detection of Biomolecules Including the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
Journal
Advanced Materials
Journal Volume
34
Journal Issue
3
Date Issued
2022
Author(s)
Liu C.-H
Anthopoulos, Thomas D
Sharma, Abhinav
AlGhamdi, Wejdan S
Xiao, Xi-Wen
Lin, Wei-Zhi
Lu, Po-Yu
Seitkhan, Akmaral
Mottram, Alexander D
Pattanasattayavong, Pichaya
Faber, Hendrik
Heeney, Martin
Anthopoulos, Thomas D
Abstract
Solid-state transistor sensors that can detect biomolecules in real time are highly attractive for emerging bioanalytical applications. However, combining upscalable manufacturing with the required performance remains challenging. Here, an alternative biosensor transistor concept is developed, which relies on a solution-processed In2O3/ZnO semiconducting heterojunction featuring a geometrically engineered tri-channel architecture for the rapid, real-time detection of important biomolecules. The sensor combines a high electron mobility channel, attributed to the electronic properties of the In2O3/ZnO heterointerface, in close proximity to a sensing surface featuring tethered analyte receptors. The unusual tri-channel design enables strong coupling between the buried electron channel and electrostatic perturbations occurring during receptor–analyte interactions allowing for robust, real-time detection of biomolecules down to attomolar (am) concentrations. The experimental findings are corroborated by extensive device simulations, highlighting the unique advantages of the heterojunction tri-channel design. By functionalizing the surface of the geometrically engineered channel with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody receptors, real-time detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein down to am concentrations is demonstrated in under 2 min in physiological relevant conditions. ? 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH
Subjects
Biomolecules
Chemical detection
Diseases
Electronic properties
Indium compounds
Metals
MOS devices
Oxide semiconductors
Proteins
Signal detection
Transistors
Analytes
Detection of biomolecules
Large-area electronics
Metal oxide semiconductor
Real-time detection
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Solid-state devices
Solution process
Transistor sensors
Heterojunctions
ACE2 protein, human
coronavirus spike glycoprotein
DNA
immobilized antibody
indium
indium oxide
spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
virus antibody
zinc oxide
bioengineering
blood
chemistry
computer simulation
computer system
devices
diagnosis
equipment design
genetic procedures
human
immunology
metabolism
microtechnology
procedures
proof of concept
transistor
virology
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Antibodies, Immobilized
Antibodies, Viral
Bioengineering
Biosensing Techniques
Computer Simulation
Computer Systems
COVID-19
COVID-19 Testing
Equipment Design
Humans
Indium
Microtechnology
Proof of Concept Study
SARS-CoV-2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Transistors, Electronic
Zinc Oxide
Type
journal article