Evaluation of and the prognostic factors for cats with big kidney-little kidney syndrome
Journal
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Journal Volume
35
Journal Issue
6
Pages
2787-2796
Date Issued
2021
Author(s)
Abstract
Background: The term big kidney-little kidney syndrome in cats has been used for many years, but the definitions are not consistent and relevant research is limited. Objective: To determine the factors that differ between normal and BKLK cats, as well as to develop models for predicting the 30-day survival of cats with ureteral obstruction (UO). Animals: Sixteen healthy cats and 64 cats with BKLK. Methods: Retrospective study. To define BKLK by reference to data from clinically healthy cats. The demographic and clinicopathological data among groups were statistically analyzed. Results: Big kidney-little kidney syndrome cats had higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (median [interquartile range] 69 [28-162] vs 21 [19–24]?mg/dL, P <.001), creatinine (5.6 [1.9-13.3] vs 1.3 [1.05-1.40]?mg/dL, P <.001), and white blood cells (10?800 [7700-17 500] vs 6500 [4875-9350] /μL, P <.001) and lower hematocrit (32.8 [27.1-38.4] vs 39.1 [38.1-40.4]%, P <.001), urine specific gravity (1.011 [1.009-1.016] vs 1.049 [1.044-1.057], P <.001) and pH (5.88 [5.49-6.44] vs 6.68 [6.00-7.18], P?=.001) compared to the control cats. A lower body temperature (BT; 38.1 [37.9-38.2] vs 38.7 [38.3-39.2]°C, P?=.009), higher BUN (189 [150-252] vs 91 [36-170]?mg/dL, P?=.04), and creatinine (15.4 [13.3-17.4] vs 9.0 [3.1-14.2]?mg/dL, P?=.03) were found among the UO cats that were not 30-day survivors. A combination of BUN, phosphorus, and BT can predict 30-day survival among UO cats with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.863. (P?=.01). Conclusion: An increase in the length difference between kidneys can indicate UO, but cannot predict outcome for BKLK cats. ? 2021 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Subjects
AKI
CKD
feline
ureteral obstruction
alanine aminotransferase
alkaline phosphatase
calcium oxalate
creatinine
cystatin C
nitrogen
phosphorus
procalcitonin
thyroxine
urea
abdominal radiography
acute kidney failure
anemia
animal cell
animal experiment
animal tissue
anorexia
Article
autopsy
body temperature
chronic kidney failure
computer assisted tomography
controlled study
creatinine blood level
cystitis
demography
disease severity
echography
endoscopy
estimated glomerular filtration rate
glomerulus filtration rate
hemodialysis
hydronephrosis
hydroureter
hyperkalemia
hypertension
hyponatremia
kidney disease
kidney tumor
lethargy
leukocyte
leukocyte count
lumbar vertebra
lymphocyte count
nephrolithiasis
nephrostomy
nephrotic syndrome
nonhuman
overall survival
peritonitis
pH
polydipsia
polyuria
prevalence
prospective study
pseudocyst
pyelography
pyelonephritis
relative density
retrospective study
risk factor
survivor
temperature
urea nitrogen blood level
uremia
ureter obstruction
ureter stone
urinalysis
urinary tract
urinary tract infection
urine pH
vomiting
animal
cat
cat disease
kidney
prognosis
Animals
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Cat Diseases
Cats
Creatinine
Kidney
Prognosis
Retrospective Studies
SDGs
Type
journal article