Insight into the mechanism of indium toxicity in rice
Journal
Journal of Hazardous Materials
Journal Volume
429
Date Issued
2022
Author(s)
Cheah, Boon Huat
Liao, Pei-Chu
Lo, Jing-Chi
Wang, Yu-Tsen
Tang, I-Chien
Yeh, Kuo-Chen
Abstract
Indium is widely used in the technology industry and is an emerging form of environmental pollution. The presence of indium in soil and groundwater inhibits shoot and root growth in crops, thus reducing yields. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown, making it difficult to design effective countermeasures. We explored the spatiotemporal effects of excess indium on the morphological, physiological and biochemical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indium accumulated mainly in the roots, severely restricting their growth and causing the acute perturbation of phosphorus, magnesium and iron homeostasis. Other effects included leaf necrosis and anatomical changes in the roots (thinned sclerenchyma and enlarged epidermal and exodermal layers). Whole-transcriptome sequencing revealed that rice immediately responded to indium stress by activating genes involved in heavy metal tolerance and phosphate starvation responses, including the expression of genes encoding phosphate-regulated transcription factors and transporters in the roots. Direct indium toxicity rather than phosphate deficiency was identified as the major factor affecting the growth of rice plants, resulting in the profound phenotypic changes we observed. The application of exogenous phosphate alleviated indium toxicity by reducing indium uptake. Our results suggest that indium immobilization could be used to prevent indium toxicity in the field. ? 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Subjects
Emerging contaminants
Heavy metal
Indium
Phosphate starvation
Rice
Cell death
Environmental technology
Groundwater
Toxicity
Transcription
Emerging contaminant
Environmental pollutions
Morphological properties
Physiological properties
Root growth
Shoot growth
Spatiotemporal effects
Technology industry
Heavy metals
chlorophyll a
chlorophyll b
indium
iron
magnesium
phosphorus
anatomy
bioaccumulation
industrial technology
phytotoxicity
rice
aerenchyma
Article
bioinformatics
biomass
cell vacuole
chlorophyll content
concentration (parameter)
controlled study
down regulation
dry weight
exodermis
fresh weight
gene expression profiling
gene ontology
iron homeostasis
leaf structure
mesophyll cell
mitochondrion
nonhuman
phosphate deficiency
plant epidermis
plant root
plastid
post hoc analysis
protein phosphorylation
root growth
root length
shoot
spatiotemporal analysis
starvation
thickness
upregulation
vascular bundle (plant)
whole transcriptome sequencing
Type
journal article