Ganoderma formosanum exopolysaccharides inhibit tumor growth via immunomodulation
Journal
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Journal Volume
22
Journal Issue
20
Date Issued
2021
Author(s)
Abstract
Ganoderma formosanum (GF) is a medicinal mushroom endemic to Taiwan. Previous research established the optimal culture conditions to produce exopolysaccharide rich in β-glucan (GF-EPS) from submerged fermentation of GF. The present study investigated the antitumor effects of GF-EPS in a Lewis lung carcinoma cell (LLC1) tumor-bearing mice model. In the preventive model, GF-EPS was orally administered to mice before LLC1 injection. In the therapeutic model, GF-EPS oral administration was initiated five days after tumor cell injection. The tumor size and body weight of the mice were recorded. After sacrifice, the lymphocyte subpopulation was analyzed using flow cytometry. Spleen tissues were used to analyze cytokine mRNA expression. The results showed that GF-EPS (80 mg/kg) effectively suppressed LLC1 tumor growth in both the preventive and therapeutic models. GF-EPS administration increased the proportion of natural killer cells in the spleen and activated gene expression of several cytokines. Our results provide evidence that GF-EPS promotes tumor inhibition through immunomodulation in tumor-bearing mice. ? 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Subjects
Cytokine
Exopolysaccharides (EPS)
Ganoderma formosanum
Immunomodulation
Natural killer cells
cytokine
fungal polysaccharide
animal
body weight
cell proliferation
cell survival
drug effect
drug screening
fermentation
Ganoderma
gene expression regulation
genetics
growth, development and aging
immunology
immunomodulation
Lewis carcinoma
metabolism
mouse
natural killer cell
oral drug administration
spleen
tumor cell line
tumor volume
Administration, Oral
Animals
Body Weight
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Proliferation
Cell Survival
Cytokines
Fermentation
Fungal Polysaccharides
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Killer Cells, Natural
Mice
Spleen
Tumor Burden
Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
SDGs
Type
journal article