https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/606270
Title: | When eyes wander around: Mind-wandering as revealed by eye movement analysis with hidden markov models | Authors: | Lee H.-H Chen Z.-L SU-LING YEH Hsiao J.H.-W AN-YEU(ANDY) WU |
Keywords: | Eye movement analysis with hidden Markov models (EMHMM);Fixation;Learning;Mind-wandering;Sustained attention;Eye movements;Eye tracking;Learning systems;Motion analysis;Centralised;Distributed patterns;Eye movement analyse with hidden markov model;Eye movement analysis;Eye movement patterns;Hidden-Markov models;Hidden Markov models;eye;eye movement;human;learning;Eye;Eye Movements;Humans | Issue Date: | 2021 | Journal Volume: | 21 | Journal Issue: | 22 | Source: | Sensors | Abstract: | Mind-wandering has been shown to largely influence our learning efficiency, especially in the digital and distracting era nowadays. Detecting mind-wandering thus becomes imperative in educational scenarios. Here, we used a wearable eye-tracker to record eye movements during the sustained attention to response task. Eye movement analysis with hidden Markov models (EMHMM), which takes both spatial and temporal eye-movement information into account, was used to examine if participants’ eye movement patterns can differentiate between the states of focused attention and mind-wandering. Two representative eye movement patterns were discovered through clustering using EMHMM: centralized and distributed patterns. Results showed that participants with the centralized pattern had better performance on detecting targets and rated themselves as more focused than those with the distributed pattern. This study indicates that distinct eye movement patterns are associated with different attentional states (focused attention vs. mind-wandering) and demonstrates a novel approach in using EMHMM to study attention. Moreover, this study provides a potential approach to capture the mind-wandering state in the classroom without interrupting the ongoing learning behavior. ? 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. |
URI: | https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118857442&doi=10.3390%2fs21227569&partnerID=40&md5=bc8f4e00f6a537b31ac8b5e3d77fbc4d https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/606270 |
ISSN: | 14248220 | DOI: | 10.3390/s21227569 |
Appears in Collections: | 心理學系 |
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