Owing to the high virulence of mycobacterium kansasii and the increasing incidence in Kaohsiung, the present study aimed to analyze the spatial pattern of mycobacterium kansasii infection in Kaohsiung. Methods: We applied the Moran's I to estimate the spatial pattern of incidence risk and to identify the cluster core. The core of the cluster was confirmed by the spatial relative risk function with contouring an infection hotspot that the location of the comparative group were randomly sampled from the address database. Results: The positive and significant spatial autocorrelation based on the incidence risk of the basic statistical area was illustrated by the significance map with the cluster core locating in Xiaogang district. The spatial relative risk function indicated two hotspots, one located across Qianjin district and Yancheng district, and the other mainly sat in Xiaogang district. All the significant spatial relative risk ranged from 1.54 to 2.27. Conclusions: Two hotspots indicated that the mycobacterium kansasii infection not homogeneously distributes in Kaohsiung City. Infection sources may have specific spatial patterns, yet the susceptible host probably has other tendencies too. Therefore, our results should be interpreted as a combination of all factors related to this infection.,,,,.