A Reduced Model for Bioconcentration and Biotransformation of Neutral Organic Compounds in Midge
Journal
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Journal Volume
40
Journal Issue
1
Pages
57-71
Date Issued
2021
Author(s)
Abstract
A bioconcentration factor (BCF) database and a toxicokinetic model considering only biota–water partitioning and biotransformation were constructed for neutral organic chemicals in midge. The database contained quality-reviewed BCF and toxicokinetic data with variability constrained to within 0.5 to 1 log unit. Diverse conditions in exposure duration, flow set-up, substrate presence, temperature, and taxonomic classification did not translate into substantial variability in BCF, uptake rate constant (k1), or depuration rate constant (kT), and no systematic bias was observed in BCFs derived in unlabeled versus radiolabeled studies. Substance-specific biotransformation rate constants kM were derived by difference between the calculated biota–water partitioning coefficient (KBW) and experimental BCF for developing a midge biotransformation model. Experimental midge BCF was modeled as BCF = KBW/(1 + kM/k2) with log kM (kM in h–1) = –0.37 log KOW – 0.06T (in K) + 18.87 (root mean square error [RMSE] = 0.60), log k1 (k1 in L kgwet.wt–1 h–1) = –0.0747 W (body weight in mgwet.wt) + 2.35 (RMSE = 0.48). The KBW value was estimated using midge biochemical composition and established polyparameter linear free energy relationships, and the diffusive elimination rate constant (k2) was computed as k2 = k1/KBW. The BCF model predicted >85% of BCFs that associated with neutral organic compounds (log KOW = 1.46 – 7.75) to within 1 log-unit error margin and had comparable accuracy similar to amphipod or fish models. A number of outliers and critical limitations of the kM model were identified and examined, and they largely reflected the inherent limitation of difference-derived kM, the lack of chemical diversity, and inadequate temperature variation in existing data. Future modeling efforts can benefit from more BCF and toxicokinetic observations of BCF on structurally diverse chemicals for model training, validation, and diagnosis. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:57–71. © 2020 SETAC. © 2020 SETAC
Subjects
Aquatic invertebrate; Bioaccumulation; Bioconcentration; Biotransformation; Chironomids; Midge; Organic compounds; Risk assessment
SDGs
Other Subjects
Bioaccumulation; Bioconversion; Free energy; Mean square error; Organic compounds; Rate constants; Biochemical composition; Bioconcentration factor; Inherent limitations; Polyparameter linear free energy relationships; Root mean square errors; Temperature variation; Toxicokinetic model; Uptake rate constants; Organic chemicals; 2 chlorobiphenyl; benzo[a]pyrene; chlorobenzene; chlorpyrifos; cyhalothrin; organic compound; organochlorine derivative; permethrin; phthalic acid; polychlorinated biphenyl; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; pyrethroid; organic compound; bioaccumulation; biochemical composition; biotransformation; detection method; experimental study; model; organic compound; Amphipoda; bioaccumulation; biochemical composition; biodiversity; biota; biotransformation; Chironomus; Chironomus decorus; Chironomus dilutus; Chironomus plumosus; Chironomus riparius; Chironomus tentans; elimination rate constant; fish; freshwater invertebrate; midge; nonhuman; physical chemistry; priority journal; radiolabeling; rate constant; taxonomy; temperature; toxicokinetics; Amphipoda; animal; bioaccumulation; biotransformation; water pollutant; Invertebrata; Amphipoda; Animals; Bioaccumulation; Biotransformation; Organic Chemicals; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Type
journal article