Occurrence, seasonal variation and environmental impact of phosphorus flame retardants in a large scale wastewater treatment plant
Journal
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Journal Volume
26
Journal Issue
36
Pages
36333-36342
Date Issued
2019
Author(s)
Abstract
The occurrence, seasonal variation and emission of nine widely used phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) were investigated in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in Guangzhou, China, over 1 year. Results showed that PFRs were widely detected in wastewater and sewage sludge. Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) was the most dominant PFRs in influent, effluent, and sludge. Significant seasonal variation of total PFRs in the influent was observed (p < 0.05). However, no significant seasonal variation found in chlorinated and alkyl PFRs. The emission of PFRs was comparable with the previously reported values of decabromodiphenyl ether in WWTPs. Risk quotient for PFRs showed low eco-toxicity risk in effluent for aquatic organisms. Since the removal efficiency of total PFRs was less than 30% and the use of PFRs had been increasing, continuous monitoring of the environmental impact on the receiving water is still needed. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Subjects
Ecological risk; Emission; Municipal sewage; Phosphorus flame retardants; Seasonal variation; Sewage sludge
SDGs
Other Subjects
effluent; environmental impact; ether; flame retardant; phosphorus; pollutant removal; seasonal variation; sewage; sludge; toxicity; wastewater treatment; China; Guangdong; Guangzhou; flame retardant; organophosphate; chemistry; China; environmental monitoring; halogenation; procedures; season; sewage; waste water; water management; water pollutant; China; Environmental Monitoring; Flame Retardants; Halogenation; Organophosphates; Seasons; Sewage; Waste Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification
Type
journal article