The context-dependent role of transforming growth factor-β/miR-378a-3p/connective tissue growth factor in vascular calcification: a translational study

Vascular calcification (VC) constitutes an important vascular pathology with prognostic importance. The pathogenic role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in VC remains unclear, with heterogeneous findings that we aimed to evaluate using experimental models and clinical specimens.