TISCalling: leveraging machine learning to identify translational initiation sites in plants and viruses
Journal
Plant Molecular Biology
Journal Volume
115
Journal Issue
4
Start Page
article number 102
ISSN
0167-4412
1573-5028
Date Issued
2025-08-01
Author(s)
Abstract
The recognition of translational initiation sites (TISs) offers complementary insights into identifying genes encoding novel proteins or small peptides. Conventional computational methods primarily identify Ribo-seq-supported TISs and lack the capacity of systematic and global identification of TIS, especially for non-AUG sites in plants. Additionally, these methods are often unsuitable for evaluating the importance of mRNA sequence features for TIS determination. In this study, we present TISCalling, a robust framework that combines machine learning (ML) models and statistical analysis to identify and rank novel TISs across eukaryotes. TISCalling generalized and ranks important features common to multiple plant and mammalian species while identifying kingdom-specific features such as mRNA secondary structures and “G”-nucleotide contents. Furthermore, TISCalling achieved high predictive power for identifying novel viral TISs. Importantly, TISCalling provides prediction scores for putative TIS along plant transcripts, enabling prioritization of those of interest for further validation. We offer TISCalling as a command-line-based package [https://github.com/yenmr/TISCalling], capable of generating prediction models and identifying key sequence features. Additionally, we provide web tools [https://predict.southerngenomics.org/TISCalling/] for visualizing pre-computed potential TISs, making it accessible to users without programming experience. The TISCalling framework offers a sequence-aware and interpretable approach for decoding genome sequences and exploring functional proteins in plants and viruses.
Subjects
Gene annotation
Machine learning prediction
Open-reading frames
Translation initiation site
Translational control
SDGs
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Type
journal article