Ten years after the NPP accident at Fukushima : review on fuel debris behavior in contact with water
Journal
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology
Journal Volume
59
Journal Issue
1
Start Page
1
End Page
24
ISSN
0022-3131
1881-1248
Date Issued
2021-09-23
Author(s)
Grambow, Bernd
Nitta, Ayako
Shibata, Atsuhiro
Koma, Yoshikazu
Takami, Ryu
Fueda, Kazuki
Ohnuki, Toshihiko
Jegou, Christophe
Laffolley, Hugo
Journeau, Christophe
Abstract
Following the NPP accident, several hundred tons of heat-generating corium and fuel debris have been cooled permanently by millions of m3 of flowing. Knowledge on the interaction with water is crucial for any decommissioning planning. Starting from knowledge on the evolutions of the accident in the three reactor cores and associated fuel debris formations and some additional isotopic and physio-chemical information on debris fragments collected in Fukushima soils, we review the temporal evolution of the chemistry and leached radionuclide contents of the cooling water, comparing measured concentration ratios of the actinides and fission products in the water to reported results of laboratory leaching studies with either spent nuclear fuel or simulated fuel debris. As for spent fuel leaching, the fractions of inventories of 134,137Cs in the cooling water are orders of magnitude larger than that of the actinides. After more than 10 years of fuel debris/water contact, 137Cs release rates have decreased by about a factor of 100. The total release of actinides from the fuel debris is orders of magnitude lower than that of 134,137Cs or of 90Sr. This high stability makes direct disposal of fuel debris in suitable containers after decommissioning a viable option.
Subjects
fuel debris
FUKUSHIMA
leaching
spent nuclear fuel
SDGs
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Type
journal article