Dentin bonding agents and camphorquinone-induced cytotoxicity, 8-isoprostane and prostaglandin production is associated with CYP450, NQO1, NQO2, GST, and GSH peroxidase in human dental pulp cells.
Journal
Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
Journal Volume
42
Journal Issue
4
Start Page
553
End Page
566
ISSN
1879-0097
Date Issued
2026-04
Author(s)
Chang, Mei-Chi
Lin, Tai-Min
Liao, Wan-Chuen
Wu, Ju-Hui
Chen, Shyuan-Yow
Chang, Hsueh-Wei
Chen, Wen-Hui
Abstract
Camphorquinone (CQ) is a photo-initiator popularly-included in the dentin bonding agent (DBA) and composite resin for tooth decay restoration. CQ application during operative procedures may affect the viability and inflammation of dental pulp. Cytochrome P450 (CYP), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO) 1 and NQO2, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are crucial enzymes for metabolism of chemicals with quinone structure. The expression and involvement of various enzymes in CQ metabolism and toxicity were investigated.
Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were treated by four DBAs or CQ with/without inhibitors (α-naphthoflavone [CYP inhibitor], dicoumarol & ES936 [NQO1 inhibitors] or quercetin or melatonin [NQO2 inhibitors], ethacrynic acid [GST-P inhibitor], a26 [GPx4 inhibitor], cefoxitin [GPx1 inhibitor]) for 24 h. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for 8-isoprostane, and PGE analysis in culture medium. MTT assay was used for cell viability estimation. Real-time PCR and immunofluorescent staining were used for mRNA/protein expression analysis.
We found that in various concentrations, four clinically-used DBAs induced 8-isoprostane and PGE production in HDPCs. CQ stimulated CYP1A1, CYP1A2, NQO1, NQO2, GST-P, GPx1 and GPx4 mRNA and protein expression, and some of the stimulation can be attenuated by U0126 (a MEK/ERK inhibitor). The α-naphthoflavone, ES936, ethacrynic acid, melatonin and a26 showed little effect on the CQ-induced cytotoxicity to HDPCs. Most inhibitors (α-naphthoflavone, dicoumarol, ES936, quercetin, melatonin, a26) except ethacrynic acid and cefoxitin showed preventive effect on CQ-induced PGE and 8-isoprostane production, but to a different extent.
DBAs and CQ may affect the inflammatory responses and tissue viability of dental pulp during clinical dental practice. Expression of CYPs, NQO1/NQO2, GST-P and GPx in HDPCs affects the metabolism of CQ, cell viability, 8-isoprostane and PGE of HDPCs. Results are important for the clinical success of operative restoration to decrease pulp inflammation and necrosis by modulation of these metabolic enzymes.
Subjects
8-Isoprostane, Metabolic enzymes, PGE(2)
Camphorquinone
Cytotoxicity
Dental pulp cells
Dentin bonding agent
Type
journal article