Tumor organoids: A review of culture methods, applications in cancer research, precision medicine, and drug development.
Journal
Tzu chi medical journal
Journal Volume
37
Journal Issue
4
Start Page
360
End Page
370
ISSN
2223-8956
Date Issued
2025
Author(s)
Chang, Chuan-Hsin
Tsai, Chung-Che
Cheng, Ching-Feng
Chu, Tin-Yi
Lee, Yi-Pang
Wu, Chao-Chuan
Chen, Jiann-Hwa
Kuo, Chan-Yen
Hsu, Po-Chih
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems known as organoids have emerged as powerful preclinical models for human tumors, supporting the advancement of cancer research from the laboratory to clinical application. They have transformed preclinical cancer research by preserving the complexity and biological characteristics of human cancers. Organoids more accurately replicate the intricate architecture and microenvironment of clinical tumors compared to conventional cell cultures and animal models. Nonetheless, a thorough overview of the potential applications of cancer organoids is still lacking. In this review, we outline the current knowledge of cancer organoid culture. In addition, organoids and 3D cultures can accurately simulate the tumor environment. We explore the key features and underlying processes of tumor development and spread and examine recent progress in using patient-derived tumor organoids for drug testing and immunological research. In additionally, we address the existing obstacles and limitations of organoid technology in clinical settings, along with its future potential. This review underscores the promise of organoids as an innovative approach in cancer therapy and research.
Subjects
Cancer research
Organoids
Patient-derived tumor organoids
Three-dimensional culture systems
Tumor environment
Type
journal article