人我關係之界定－“折衷自我”的現身
Other Title
Defining the Self-other Relation: The Emergence of Composite Self
Journal
本土心理學研究
Journal Issue
20
Start Page
139
End Page
207
ISSN
1029-8282
Date Issued
2003-12
Author(s)
Abstract
傳統上，中國人的自我並非一個獨立的實體，而是寓居在人我關係之中；並非跨情境穩定的特質，而是隨關係性質變化呈現；並非行為的指針，而是「道德人」在行為考量中應盡力克服的「我執」。中國人當然不是自我與他人界線不清或疆域模糊，但「互依包容的自我」確是傳統中國文化所型塑的「自我」內涵的核心。 然則，西風東漸之後，面對現代化與社會變遷的挑戰，現代華人社會中的中國人已發展出一套相容並蓄中國傳統「互依包容的自我」及西方文化「獨立自足的自我」的「折衷自我」，而靈活彈性的「人我關係」的界定正是此「折衷自我」現身的前提。 本研究以焦點團體與個別訪談的質性研究方法，藉團體動力與深度訪談來刺探「自我」內涵與「人我關係」這樣抽象的概念，讓受訪者用豐富的生活體驗來詮釋「人我界限」如何劃定，並從中窺見「折衷自我」的現身，即現代華人兼顧「獨特性」與「互依性」需求的生活實踐。
The traditional Chinese self is not an independent entity; it dwells in the self-other relation. It is not considered to have traits that are constant across situations, but to manifest according to the nature of the relationship. It is not a guiding force for behavior. Instead, it is to be suppressed and overcome. For traditional Chinese people, the ”self-in-relation” is the core of selfhood. However, with Western influence and the challenges of modernization and social change, contemporary Chinese people have developed a system of ”composite self” that combines the traditional ”self-in-relation” and the Western ”independent and contained self”. The flexible operation of self-other relation is prerequisite to the emergence of this composite self. Analysis of 3 individual interviews and 5 focus group discussions with # Taiwanese participants was used to explore the meanings of abstract concepts such as ”self content” and ”self-other relations, and how the ”self-other boundary” is set in order to understand the emergence of the composite self as a way of expressing both the ”independence” and ”interdependence” needs of contemporary Taiwanese people. Results generally supported the theoretical construct of composite self.
Subjects
人我關係
自我內涵
折衷自我
composite self
self contents
self-other relation
Type
journal article