https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/94817
Title: | 銀合歡豆象之生活史與野外生態 Bionomics of the leucaena seed beetle (Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus (Schaeffer, 1907))Coleoptera: Bruchidae) |
Authors: | 吳立心 Wu, Li-Hsin |
Keywords: | 豆象科;Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus;溫度;發育;生活史;寄主範圍;生物防治;Bruchidae;temperature;development;life history;host range;biological control | Issue Date: | 2008 | Abstract: | 銀合歡 (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) 為一種入侵能力強大並引起嚴重生態問題之雜草樹種,不但能夠侵入且佔據原生種生存的棲地,同時也會破壞當地植被之多樣性。於2004年自台灣恆春地區一新紀錄種之豆象 (Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus (Schaeffer, 1907)) 被發現能夠蛀食銀合歡之種子。為評估於台灣地區利用銀合歡豆象 (A. macrophthalmus) 對銀合歡種子造成之損毀程度做為生物防治物種之效率與可行性,本文描述並比較其幼蟲形態,設計試驗以瞭解溫度對其生活史各階段之發育速率的影響,及餵食與交尾處理對其成蟲壽命與產卵量之影響等室內飼養之基本生活史。同時為分析豆象利用之風險,透過野外試驗檢視其對不同庇護所中果莢之利用能力,並測試其他可能作為潛在寄主之豆類植物。試驗結果發現在27℃下完成世代所須時間為41.1天,其卵期為6.6天,幼蟲與蛹期需34.5天;發育臨界溫度為14.1℃,生長積溫為526.3 DD (degree days),然而卵期之臨界溫度(4.1℃)明顯低於其他時期。其發育速率隨著溫度上升而逐漸增加,並於23℃ 時有最高之存活率66 %。食物供給能夠有效地延長銀合歡豆象成蟲之存活期亦增加其產卵量;交尾處理雖能夠刺激雌蟲之產卵行為與數量,但同時也顯著地縮短了壽命。於野外試驗,豆象能夠利用模擬於地面與樹冠之果莢做為庇護所完成其生活史;其族群數量隨著銀合歡成熟果莢之物候,呈現約一個月延遲的同步波動。於寄主試驗中則首次發現,銀合歡豆象能夠利用非銀合歡屬之麻六甲合歡 (Albizzia falcataria) 做為寄主。本試驗提供若干銀合歡豆象室內及野外生活史之參數,有助於評估實際應用該物種操作生物防治之可行性。 Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit is a powerful invasive weed that can cause serious ecological problems such as degrading local vegetation diversity. A newly recorded seed beetle (Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus (Schaeffer, 1907)) was found attacking the seeds of leucaena in Taiwan in 2004. For estimating the feasibility and efficiency of this leucaena seed beetle, A. macrophthalmus, as a biological control agent in Taiwan, we studied the morphology of its larvae, effect of temperature on developmental rate of each life stage and the influences of food supplements and mating on the longevity and fecundity of their adults. In addition, to reveal the risk of using leucaena seed beetle, utilization of pods in different shelters and other possible host plants surveys were conducted simultaneously in the field. Their generation time is 41.1 days at 27℃; egg and larva-pupa period were 6.6 and 34.5 days. The threshold of development was 14.1℃, while the parameter for egg period (4.1℃) was significantly lower; thermal constant was 526.3 degree days. Their developmental rate gradually increased with temperature, while maximum survival rate reached 66% at 23℃. Further morphological features and biological parameters for their life cycle were also described. In the field, leucaena seed beetle could complete their life cycle on pods that we manipulated on the ground and within canopy. Their population size fluctuated with the phenology of mature leucaena pods, though showing a time-lag effect for about a month. Leucaena seed beetle could feed on Albizzia falcataria, a new host genus in 11 legume species surveyed. Our study provides several developmental parameters of leucaena seed beetle which can help us to evaluate the feasibility for using them as a biological agent. |
URI: | http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/181769 |
Appears in Collections: | 昆蟲學系 |
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ntu-97-R95632009-1.pdf | 23.53 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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